Philosophy: Textbook for higher educational institutions.

TABLE OF CONTENTS


INTRODUCTION

Chapter 1. Philosophy, its subject and role in the life of man and society

1. Subject Philosophy

2. The specificity of philosophical knowledge

3. The main part of the (structure) of philosophy

4. Place and role of philosophy in culture

CHAPTER 2 ESTABLISHMENT OF PHILOSOPHY. Main stages of its historical development

1. The origin of philosophy. (Philosophy and leading up to it form outlook)

2. Basic ideas and historical stages of development of Western philosophy

3. National peculiarities philosophy. Russian philosophy of XIX - XX centuries .: its meaning, the main directions and stages of development

Chapter 3. BEING AND MATTER

1. The concept of "being": philosophical sense

2. Existential roots of the problem of existence

3. Being: unity of the world

4. The diversity of the world as a problem

5. The material unity of the world and its diversity

CHAPTER 4. Dialectics

1. The concept of dialectics. Objective and subjective dialectics

2. The structure of the dialectic, its regulatory nature, and basic functions

3. Determinism and indeterminism

4. Law. Dynamic and statistical regularities

5. The boundaries, the scope of the dialectical method

6. Metaphysics and its importance for understanding

CHAPTER 5. MAN

1. The concept of human rights. Man and Nature

2. Biosocial (dual) human nature

3. The meaning of human existence

4. The idea of \u200b\u200bthe perfect man in various cultures

CHAPTER 6: THE MAN AND HIS CONSCIENCE

1. The problem of consciousness in the history of Western philosophy

2. epistemological sense of consciousness

3. Ethical sense of consciousness

4. The ontology of consciousness

5. Language, communication, consciousness

6. consciousness, memory, identity

7. The dialectical-materialist conception of consciousness

8. consciousness and unconsciousness

CHAPTER 7. COMPANY

1. The Company and its structure

2. Society as a self-developing system

3. Civil society and the state

4. formational and civilizational concept of social development

Chapter 8. Man and Society

1. A person in the system of social relations

2.Chelovek and the historical process: freedom and necessity, identity and mass violence and non-violence

3. Moral and aesthetic values \u200b\u200band their role in human life. Justice and Law

4. The religious values \u200b\u200band freedom of conscience

5. Personality: the problem of freedom and responsibility

CHAPTER 9. KNOWLEDGE

1. Knowledge of how the subject of philosophy: the unity of subject and object, the variety of forms

2. Knowledge, creativity, practice

3. Rational and irrational, material and ideal in cognitive activity

4. The unity of sense and rational

5. Truth and error

6. The reality, thinking, logic, language

7. Understanding and explanation

8. Faith and knowledge

CHAPTER 10. Scientific knowledge and expertise

1. The scientific and non-scientific knowledge. Scientific criteria

2. The structure of scientific knowledge, its levels and forms

3. Research Methods

4. The growth of scientific knowledge

5. The Scientific Revolution and the change in the type of rationality

6. Society, Science, Technology

Chapter 11. The scientific, philosophical and religious paintings WORLD

1. Look science

2. The philosophy of man and the world

3. The religious version of the universe

CHAPTER 12. THE FUTURE OF MANKIND

1. Humanity as the subject of history

2. The world situation is the beginning of XXI century

3. Global issues. Threats and hope .Our days

4. Future scenarios. West - East - Russia in the dialogue of cultures

CONCLUSION

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