1. … was a German scientist who was the first person to be referred to as a psychologist. His famous book entitled Principles of Physiological Psychology was published in 1873
2. … was the first American psychologist who espoused a different perspective on how psychology should operate. James was introduced to Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection and accepted it as an explanation of an organism’s characteristics.
3. Perhaps one of the most influential and well-known figures in psychology’s history was …. He was an Austrian neurologist who was fascinated by patients suffering from “hysteria” and neurosis.
4. Match English terminology and its equivalents in Russian:
A. steps of the scientific method
B. empirical method
C. mental processes
D. to analyze the results
E. conscious experience
F. internal perception
G. to make a prediction
H. to make an observation
I. ступени научного метода
J. эмпирический метод
K. ментальные процессы
L. анализировать результаты
M. сознательный опыт
N. внутреннее восприятие
O. прогнозировать
P. делать наблюдение
5. How can you organise information in the lecture? Match the beginnings and endings.
A. question and
B. problem and
C. classification and
D. advantages and
E. comparison and
F. cause and
G. sequence of
H. stages of a
I. theories or opinions then
J. supporting information
K. process
L. effect
M. events
N. solution
O. answer
P. definition
Q. disadvantages
R. contrast
6. Before psychology became a recognized academic discipline, matters of the mind were undertaken by those in ….
*biology
*chemistry
*philosophy
*physics
7. Rogers believed that providing genuineness, empathy, and … in the therapeutic environment for his clients was critical to their being able to deal with their problems.
*structuralism
*functionalism
*gestalt
*unconditional positive regard
8. If someone wanted to become a psychology professor at a 4-year college, then s/he would probably need a … degree in psychology.
*bachelor of science
*bachelor of art
*master’s
*PhD
9. The following degrees would be the minimum required to teach psychology courses in high school.
*PhD
*PsyD
*master’s degree
*bachelor’s degree
10. One would need at least a(n) … degree to serve as a school psychologist.
*associate’s
*bachelor’s
*master’s
*doctoral
11. An individual’s consistent pattern of thought and behavior is known as a(n) ….
*biological stage
*object permanence
*personality
*perception
12. Behaviorists studied objectively observable … partly in reaction to the psychologists of the mind who were studying things that were not directly observable.
*behavior
*words
*personality
*understanding
13. An undergraduate … in psychology hones critical thinking skills. These skills are useful in many different work settings.
*approach
*education
*phenomena
*process
14. … might prove especially helpful using individuals who have rare conditions. For instance, if one wanted to study multiple personality disorder then this approach with individuals diagnosed with multiple personality disorder would be helpful.
*an excellent approach
*self-correcting process
*the individual experiencing
*case studies
15. Put the words in the right order to make a question:
1 according to the article
2 "The New Science
3 of Happiness",
4 which of the following
5 is NOT one of
6 the top 4 things that
7 bring people the greatest happiness?
16. Put the following sentences in the right order:
1 The article "The New Science of Happiness" discusses.....
2 the top four things that bring people the greatest happiness.
3 The correct answer, holidays, is not included in the list. This....
4 suggests that while faith, children, and spouse/partner are considered important factors for happiness,
5 holidays are not seen as one of the top contributors.
17. Read the question below and select one correct answer based on the information provided in the course: Question: Why do you think many people might be sceptical about psychology being a science?
*Science cannot directly study the mind because it is not a form of matter or energy.
*These people simply don’t know all the facts about modern technology.
*Psychology is not and cannot be a science so these people are completely right.
18. The … approach to psychology focuses on the analysis of the internal mental mechanisms which, scientists claim, can only be accessed through observable behaviour. This view is largely supported by physiologists and behaviourists.
19. The … approach emphasizes the importance of individual experience as a means of understanding mental processes, and of the effect of social interaction on behaviour.
20. Psychologists focus their attention on understanding …, as well as the psychological (mental) and physical processes that underlie it.
*behaviour
*intuition
*mind
*experience
21. Match English terminology and its equivalents in Russian:
A. unconscious processes
B. human behavior
C. cognitive factors
D. inductive reasoning
E. deductive reasoning
F. fundamental difference
G. scientific approaches
H. поведение человека
I. индуктивное размышление
J. бессознательные процессы
K. когнитивные факторы
L. фундаментальное различие
M. дедуктивное размышление
N. научные подходы
22. The types of reasoning in the framework of hypothesis or general premise and empirical observations are called …:
*practical and theoretical
*deductive and inductive
*empirical and theoretical
23. In … reasoning, ideas are tested against the empirical world:
24. In … reasoning, empirical observations lead to new ideas:
25. … is most closely associated with the human approach to psychology.
*Carl Rogers
*Sigmund Freud
*Alfred Bandura
*Carl Jung
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