Contents
Introduction 4
Chapter I. General part 8
1.1 Design object information 8
1.2. Historical reference 10
1.3. Natural and climatic characteristics 13
1.3.1. Climate 13
1.3.2. Terrain 14
1.3.3 Soils and soilforming rocks 17
1.3.4. Hydrology 17
1.3.5. Geological structure 19
1.3.6. Minerals 20
1.3.7. Flora 20.
1.3.8. Environmental conditions 22
1.3.9. Fauna 23
Conclusions to Chapter One 26
Chapter II. Special Part 28
2.1. World experience 28
2.1.1 Design of cottage settlements 28
2.1.2 Evolution of ecological style in landscape architecture 33
Chapter III. Project part 36
3.1 Stages of creating landscape architecture projects 36
3.2. Landscape analysis. Existing situation 37
3.3 Existing territory zoning 41
3.4 Functional zoning of the area according to the design tasks 42
3.5 Proposal for the architectural and landscape organization of the settlement territory 44
General plan 44
3.5.1 Design solutions for landscaping the total area 45
3.5.2 Design solutions for landscaping private territories 49
3.6. Tropin road network 52
3.7 Greening 57
3.8 Lighting 62
3.9 Small architectural forms 64
Conclusions to chapter III 67
Conclusion 69
Literature List 71
Introduction
One of the features of the modern way of life in central Russia is the desire of citizens to live in their own home. In the settlements most of the living space belongs to natural components, lawns, trees, gardens, flower beds, paths, ponds, drainage devices, the image of the settlement depends more on their appearance. In response to the emerging demand, the cottage construction market offers a variety of cottage settlements in the suburban areas of large cities, built at the expense of investors, bank loans, initiative groups of citizens uniting, as well as at the expense of public funds.
The choice of a place for a cottage village, as a rule, is associated with accessibility and attractive landscape, including a river, forest, lake. A settlement created in a new place, sometimes just in the field, has no architectural monuments of past epochs or other cultural-historical values and when selling plots it is natural resources that form the basis of a commercial brand. Such monuments can become carefully preserved old trees. If such resources are not enough, they should be created.
The landscape architect should predict the expected recreational loads on the natural landscape and recommend creating new landscape advantages. Alleys of trees, arrays of groves, stable and decorative landscape groups, wood-shrubby mixboards, flower compositions, reservoirs, streams, and even high hills of ski slopes - all this under certain conditions will allow to receive a qualitative attractive landscape.
Experience shows that along with public areas, each site is formed as a complete architectural and landscape composition with its own style and decorative details: sculpture, alpine slides, fountains and cascades, rare races. Almost every landowner has the desire to create an ideal paradise garden on his land. Both in creating a garden and in building a home, the consumer strives for maximum individuality.
Relevance. The natural component of the city is increasingly inferior to industrial progress, which affects the ecology of the city. And the solution to this problem is for many people to move beyond the city limits or at least on the territory of New Moscow, where the ecological level is noticeably better than the city.
Because of this, today the development of cottage settlements is gaining in popularity. And many closed settlements are trying to create the appearance of a "green oasis" in the urban environment.
KP "Ilyichevka Premium" has existed for about ten years, but because of the construction of a new part of the village, it was not possible to create a complete landscape design, and the division of the territory into functional zones, which led the residents of the village in a discomfortable state: the site of the village already has false information about the existence of sports fields, open summer veranda cafe, accessible access to the ennobled shore of the river Desna.
The territory chosen for the design is often visited, but, as mentioned above, is not comfortable enough: there is no bright and pronounced stylistic solution, road and tropin network does not provide for a walk not on the highway, there are no organized spaces for recreation of residents, many existing trees do not emphasize the landscape, and are "just planted", a complete lack of leisure in the winter period. At the same time, the area is located on the picturesque bank of the Desna River, has a small part of the forest belt, which makes the village attractive for future customers.
When designing it is necessary to organize space for comfortable walks and spending time in nature and give the space a modern look, understandable and interesting for all. To make this area of the park more attractive and outstanding it is necessary to make clear and readable accents, to maintain and supplement the existing structure, to make a variety in filling the functional areas. Playing with the height of plants, open and closed spaces will set the r
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