Verification work on the "rhetoric" of 10 questions.
Question 1. Consider the definition of rhetoric given by Aristotle, Cicero and M. Lomonosov. As in the definition of M. University reflects Greek and Roman rhetorical tradition?
Question 2. Identify the differences between the comparison and assimilation using the following additional material:
Aristotle in "Topeka" provides guidance to the use of sources invention similarities and opposite way "should be investigated and the differences between things that belong to the same genus. For example, the difference between the validity of the courage and judgment - from mild (because they all belong to the same genus). After all, childbirth, the distance between them is large, the differences are obvious. " "Similarity should be identified in the same belonging to different genera thus how one relates to another, such as cognition relates to knowable (Vision - to the eye).
Finding the differences useful for building inferences about the identity and different, as well as for understanding the essence of each thing.
Consideration of the similarity (items) beneficial for reasons based on guidance, as well as conclusions from assumptions and definitions for building.
Finding similarities and useful for constructing definitions for the reason that if we are able to immediately see that it is identical to another in every single thing, the definition of the construction we will not doubt to what kind we must include the subject matter. Because of the common things will come from it, which most affects the essence of (things). "
1. The term "comparison" in some dictionaries is interpreted by the word "assimilation". That is, these two concepts represent virtually the same. Prove it by referring to the dictionary entry.
"Assimilation. 1. Action by the value of the verb assimilate, assimilate. 2. In style - rhetorical figure comparison. Descriptions of nature art. You are a real landscape. Only part of the assimilation of the man when the sea breathes, the sky looks, steppe basking, nature whispers, said, sad, etc. - Likening such a description is somewhat monochromatic. Chekhov. Letter AM Peshkov. January 3, 1899 ".
"Liken. 1. Making someone like something, like somebody something. 2. In describing, depicting (in speech, in a literary work), compare, compare. "
Likened. Make like anyone anything; Compare with anyone anything. "
Question 3. Read an excerpt from the work of M. Speransky "rules supreme eloquence" (1844) and the basic rules for creating the entry in question. Give examples of successful, in your opinion, the introduction of journalistic texts.
MM Speransky Of a higher eloquence
... Introduction
The entry should be simple; it should be natural for each matter. It should not be too far away from her start and should not be too close to it. (...)
We have to notice that the same thing at a known location thoughts affects us stronger and weaker at the other. Tell one harsh word or embittered man given to anger: it seems to him the greatest insult. But the insult much more of the same person, when he is cheerful and distracted, he will forgive you or not accept. Give unfortunate slightest suspicion or fear, he grabbed it, increase it and imagine horrible. So in some way contributes to the previous disposition of the soul or hurting quite an impression. You want the audience to take away from her tears gradually tilt their heart to sadness; Prepare them for these things, and they do not do sudden fractures. And here on what is the true foundation of the entry. It is the introduction of a preparation, or soul to those concepts that he wants to impress her, or to those passions, koi in it he wants to institute. From out of themselves the rules of entry.
1. It should be simple: for the wise in a preparation is not to explain their conc
In the continuation of words can ascend to abstract truths; but one must first get to know his audience to accustom themselves to follow fidget. When he enters into the image of our thoughts, the same thing would have seemed to him koi dark in the beginning, will then be intelligible: for he shall know the truth of their attitude and the point from which one must look at them. (...)
2. Horace laughs lush and promising introduction. (...) In fact, a great start to saddle so there are bound to show something more later. But in general Note that getting a lot expected from you is a sure way to fall. (...)
People with pure taste find their beauty as well as the simple and in the sublime. Throw features light; introduces the concept of clear; offer them a syllable fluid; Go sometimes by color: but always look around, whether for you the listener. That's the beauty of entry.
3. We have identified through the introduction of the entry to the passions rather than through their excitement. Passion is not always begins with passion, and often the listener at the beginning of podpolagaetsya cold. It's true, she comes to the department with a burning heart already: for connection of his ideas began long ago, and it is now exactly at the point where there is a passion. But the listener is removed from it yet: it ought to enter into the same system of concepts, and then open wide his passion. From here comes the third rule for entry: one must only lightly touch passionate in joining and never disclose it entirely of all matter.
Question 4: What is the essence of the topos (structural and semantic models) to create a statement?
Question 5. Locate the material of one of the topos are not considered, but only mentioned in the manual. Set out its essence and function of confirming examples of journalistic texts.
Question 6. What are the requirements for the location of the material (step dispositions).
Question 7: What is the difference between the paths and figures of speech?
Question 8.
Read the farewell speech of St. John Chrysostom, starting rhetorical appeal. As rhetorical questions and exclamations help the author to give emotional speech?
"A strong wave, severe storm! But I'm not afraid of drowning, because I stand on the rock. Let the raging sea - it can not crush rocks ... I'll ask you: Why would I be afraid? Deprivation of property? But nothing has brought to this world and nothing will take away from it with him. I despise everything that can make a person tremble. I am not afraid of poverty, do not want wealth, I am not afraid of death. If I want to live, only to have to live with you and work on improving your souls ... No one can separate us ... If you can not separate a husband and wife, even more than in the power of man to separate the shepherd and his flock. Where I am, there you are, and where you are, there I am. We are one body. And the body of the head, as the head of the body are not separated. We share the place, but are connected by love: even death can not separate us. Though my body dies, but the soul is alive, and will remember this nation. You are my relatives, you are my life, you are my glory - how can I forget you! "
Q9: List the properties of the oratory.
Question 10. Compare the texts of newspaper and magazine style and oratory. Identify the similarities and differences.
Krylov "Rafael soul of Michelangelo" ("Russian News")
With Ulanova was a rare miracle, the same that describes Yevtushenko, recalling encounters with Dmitri Shostakovich. Therefore, it was surprising to realize: it communicates with the genius of everyday living in the thick of things. And so with Ulanova. Many brilliant ballerina dancing. Only a few have received from the era of the honor to become its symbol.
Ulanova performing career came in the 30-50-ies. etc.
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